ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) specific antibody IgG positive rate in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors in China. Methods the relevant literatures about the positive rate of SARS-COV-2 specific antibody IgG in COVID-19 survivors in China were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP database from December 2019 to February 24, 2022. The quality of the documents were assessed according the revised AHRQ (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) statement. Freeman-tukey double arsinusoidal conversion method was used to calculate the positive rate, and StataSE15.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed according to detection method and fragment, and publication bias was examined by Egger method. Results A total of 12 articles were included, IgG was detected from the first month to the twelfth month after SARS-COV-2 infection, and the total sample size ranged from 74 to 2 907 cases per month. The positive rate was the highest in the second month and the third month, 96.35% (95% CI: 93.98%-98.14%) and 97.23% (95% CI: 94.47%-99.05%) respectively. The positive rate decreased gradually with time, and reached 73.63% (95% CI: 50.31%-91.45%) in the twelfth month. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the heterogeneity between studies with the different detection method and the different detection fragment were significant differences (X2=5.02-39.57, all P < 0.05). Egger method test published bias, and the difference was not statistically significant (t=1.85, P=0.101). Conclusion Most people, one year after infection with SARSCOV- 2, could still detect SARS-COV-2 specific antibody IgG.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Recurrent cystitis, defined as at least two episodes within six months or three episodes within one year, presented among about one fifth to one-third of women with history of cystitis or urinary tract infection (UTI) according to previous studies. However, the use of antibiotics can only resolve the urinary symptoms but not reduce the frequency of urinary symptoms recurrence, and meanwhile increasing rates of adverse effect of repetitive antimicrobial therapy and bacterial antimicrobial resistance became clinical concerns. This case report aims to present a case of recurrent cystitis treated by electroacupuncture (EA) in reducing recurrent frequency, amount of antibiotics used and urinary symptoms. Case presentation: A 42-year-old woman diagnosed with recurrent cystitis for five years presented mainly with recurrent dysuria, urine frequency and urgency. She received EA treatment 3 to 5 sessions a week and 30 min per session from August 2019 to August 2020 with 3-month suspension due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). During the treatment, both the frequency of recurrent urinary episode and symptoms were reduced. Although there was some fluctuation, the mean frequencies of daytime voiding reduced dramatically from 17.7 to 8.3, and night-time voiding from 4 to 1, and the number of voiding with moderate urgency was reduced from 17.7 to 2.3, and severe urgency dropped from 2.7 to 0. The patient's scores of overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) and overactive bladder questionnaire short form (OAB-q SF) were also improved. The postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) reduced from 42 mL to less than 10 mL. Conclusion: This case of individual effect of EA for a woman with frequent recurrent cystitis suggested a plausible benefit of EA on reducing frequency, amount of antibiotics used and symptoms of recurrent cystitis, but further research is necessary to proof the efficacy and effectiveness among a wider population. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of World Journal of Acupuncture Moxibustion House.